From Campus to Cultural Destination: Developing and Validating an Arts-Based Kampus Wisata Model for Educational Tourism and Cultural Preservation

Abstract

Universities with strong cultural resources are increasingly expected to generate public value beyond teaching and research. This study developed and validated an arts-based Kampus Wisata model at Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), Indonesia, by transforming campus arts assets into a curated educational-tourism and cultural-preservation destination, with attention to accessible and inclusive participation. A research-and-development design was followed through five stages: needs and potential analysis, prototype development, expert validation and revision, a small-scale field trial, and large-scale implementation. Data were obtained from focus group discussions, observation, interviews, documentation, expert validation sheets, and a community response survey of 300 respondents. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using means, standard deviations, percentage-of-maximum scores, top-box response rates, and validation gain. The final model positions Graha Sawunggaling and surrounding arts facilities as an integrated visitor zone organised around five dimensions: institutional assets, cultural content, spatial-service design, participatory learning, and validation-based governance. After revision, material validation rose from 65.0% to 87.5% and language validation from 92.5% to 95.0%. Community responses were highly favourable, with an overall mean of 3.74 on a four-point scale, equivalent to 93.6% of the maximum score. Within the limits of a single implementation site, expert-judgement validation, and a descriptive convenience survey, the findings indicate that the model is feasible and acceptable, and that organising academic assets, student artistic production, visitor services, community participation, and preservation ethics as one system is a promising way for a university to operate as a cultural destination. Implications for accessible and inclusive participation are discussed but were not empirically tested